The theme of the Kansai Conference is "Let's meet the real thing and accelerate our research. With the advent of the information society, we are now surrounded by an abundance of information, and we can easily do research by accessing the Internet. On the other hand, in this day and age, it can be said that knowledge gained through one's own experience, which is not available to everyone, is of great value. The Kansai region, with its concentration of various industries and numerous universities and corporate research institutes, is home to enthusiastic researchers who continue to take on challenges at the forefront of their fields. We create opportunities for junior and senior high school student researchers to meet them and accelerate their research.
Event Name | Science Castle 2019 Kansai Conference |
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schedule | Sunday, December 22, 2019 |
Location | Osaka Meisei Gakuen Meisei Junior and Senior High School |
<Middle and High School Student Researchers
Number of presentations:120the aforesaid
<Senior Researcher (University, Company, etc.)
Participants:40name
Affiliations: Osaka University, Osaka City University, Osaka Prefecture University, Okayama University, Kyoto University, Kinki University, Kobe University, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shumei University, Doshisha University, Nagasaki University, Nara Medical University, Ritsumeikan University, Waseda University and others
You are required to register your abstract using the designated entry form. Even after registration, you can freely edit your abstract until the closing date. Before and after abstract submission, you can consult with us about how to write your application and how to proceed with your research, so please feel free to contact us and prepare your application as early as possible.
*The application process for the Kansai Conference has been closed. Thank you very much for the many applications.
Judges from each competition and RIVANES staff will conduct a rigorous review based on the applications.
The representative of the submitted team will be notified of the acceptance or rejection of the team's application for the juried (oral or poster presentation) or non-juried poster presentation.
To ensure that the oral presentation teams are able to convey their enthusiasm for their research and their content to the judges, the LIVERNESS staff will provide advice on presentation and research.
Hours. | Location | Title. |
9:30-10:00 | Marian Hall | opening ceremony |
10:00-10:20 | Marian Hall | Special Lecture (Mr. Kubo, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co.) |
10:30-11:15 | gymnasium | Poster presentation Odd number
Booth Exhibition (THK Corporation / Rohto Pharmaceutical Company / Asahi Shimbun Company / ASICS Corporation / Doshisha University / Honaikude / Osaka Meisei Gakuen / Nest Lab.) |
11:15-12:00 | gymnasium | Poster Presentations Even
Booth Exhibition (THK Corporation / Rohto Pharmaceutical Company / Asahi Shimbun Company / ASICS Corporation / Doshisha University / Honaikude / Osaka Meisei Gakuen / Nest Lab.) |
12:05-12:45 | Classroom ①. | Doshisha University "Research on "Bones of Teenagers" Drawing Attention! 〜Let's learn about the "bones" that will influence your life. |
13:00-16:00 | Marian Hall | oral presentation |
16:10-17:00 | Classroom ①. | ASICS Corporation, "If the Science Department Started Researching Sports." |
Classroom 2 | Ltd. "Science Castle Research Fund SDGs Special Award Presentation of Results" by Asahi Shimbun, Inc. | |
Classroom 3) | Honaikude "History of the Expo and Honaikude's Efforts" | |
Classroom 4 | LIBERNESS Corporation "Draw it! Grab it! Your future image as a researcher! 〜Let's take a peek at the university lab. | |
17:10-18:00 | Marian Hall | Awards Ceremony and Closing Ceremony |
10:00-10:20 Marian Hall
Partner: Rohto Pharmaceutical Co.
Special lectures will be given by researchers from our partner company, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co.
He will talk to middle and high school students, who are future researchers, about how he approached science as a child and what inspired him to become a researcher.
12:05-12:45 Classroom 1
Partner: Doshisha University
Recent studies have shown that bone density in teenagers is declining, and there is concern that they may develop osteoporosis in the future. However, there is no safe and simple device to measure bone density, and until now, we have not been able to educate teenagers. We will introduce medical applications of ultrasound engineering based on electrical engineering and physics, using the example of an ultrasound device developed by Doshisha University and Applied Electric Works, Ltd. to simply measure bone density in junior age groups.
Main Speaker; Professor Mami Matsukawa, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
16:10-17:00 Classroom (1)
Partner: ASICS Corporation
While athletic club activities are a unique culture in Japan, there are not many sports-related inquiry activities. However, inquiry-based thinking can be applied to sports as well, and the affinity between sports science and the school setting is considered to be very high. Researchers from ASICS's Sports Engineering Research Institute and university researchers involved in sports science will take the stage on the day to discuss sports research that can be practiced in schools, involving participants as well.
16:10-17:00 Classroom 2
Partner:The Asahi Shimbun, Ltd.
We will be hosting a presentation of the results of the teams selected for the 2019 Science Castle Research Fund SDGs Special Award. middle and high school students interested in the SDGs are welcome to come visit and work together to achieve the SDGs!
16:10-17:00 Classroom ③.
Partners:Honaikude
We will introduce the history and purpose of the Expo to date and talk about the attractions of the Expo. In addition, we, Honaikude, which was formed to promote the 2025 Osaka-Kansai Expo, will introduce our daily activities with the two themes of "space" and "death" as our major goal of "exhibiting in the pavilion".
10:30-12:00, 16:10-17:00 Poster and booth area
<Marine Challenge Program Poster Booth
Supporting research related to the ocean, marine resources, and the aquatic environmentMarine Challenge ProgramThe poster exhibit of the 2019 adopted schools and the third phase of the application process will be presented.
Organizations scheduled to participate: The Nippon Foundation
<Science Castle THK Award Research Poster Booth
The Science Castle THK Award winning research presentations will be presented in a poster exhibit.
Organizations scheduled to participate: THK Co.
Oral Presentation
The order in which they are listed is not the order in which they are announced.
receipt number | Title. | Principal Investigator | Institution |
C000015 | Protect Japanese ants from Argentine ants! | Hayato Amano | Kamo High School, Gifu Prefecture |
C000026 | Initiatives to Automate Water Meter Reading | Chisato Sunami | Tezukayama High School |
C000061 | Measuring Gravitational Acceleration Part 4 | Yuta Matsumura | Osaka Municipal Shin-Kitajima Junior High School |
C000096 | About how ice cracks | Shojo Shibuya | Okayama Ichinomiya High School |
C000101 | Intestinal bacteria of fish | Hiroya Nakasaki | Osaka Meisei Gakuen Meisei High School |
C000116 | Optimization of the chemical composition of the culture medium in the production of oils and fats in greenbugs. | Ihei Sorachi | Nishiyamato Gakuen Private High School |
C000143 | Study on Shock Absorbing Power of Dilatant Fluid | Oarli Urata | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000175 | Toward the Application of Halophilic Bacteria to Salt Damage Control | Yamada, Munezo | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000237 | Save the world with Uxmixa! | Mizuki Sakai | Yamanashi Eiwa High School |
C000276 | Correlation of natural radiation measurements with weather conditions | Kumiko Ito | Kyoto Koka High School |
C000319 | Examination of marine microplastic collection using Kishu-binchotan | Nito Makita Rei | Wakayama National College of Technology |
C000336 | Establishment of a culture method for human striped mullet that can be performed by high school students. | Seima Yabe | Waseda University Advanced Institute of Technology |
Poster presentation abstracts (for review)
The order in which they are listed is not the order in which they are announced.
receipt number | Title. | Principal Investigator | Institution |
C000011 | Current Status and Future Development of Music Therapy in Group Homes | Yumi Ebisui | Aiko Senior High School |
C000018 | Pedaling and Heart Rate | Hiirahito Mukai | Hatsushiba Ritsumeikan High School |
C000023 | From Bleaching to Resymbiosis in the Green Elephant Beetle | Keigo Ichihara | Kamo High School, Gifu Prefecture |
C000024 | Do Japanese tree frogs really only eat live insects? | Mutsuki Fujii | Hokuriku Gakuen Hokuriku High School |
C000029 | How to prevent liquefaction | Ryunosuke Imai | Hatsushiba Ritsumeikan High School |
C000041 | Why can loach live in rice paddies? | Yohei Okugawa | Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Junior High School |
C000055 | How do conflicting body color changes in rosy bitterling work? | Rio Yoshizawa | Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Junior High School |
C000076 | Yamato River Survey Part 9 | Yuta Matsumura | Osaka Municipal Shin-Kitajima Junior High School |
C000080 | Consideration of Ionic Concentration of Seawater in the Seto Inland Sea | Haruna Kajiuchi | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi High School |
C000087 | Measuring the effect of rubber-powered bamboo copter structure on flying force | Nichinako Gokan | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Girls High School |
C000088 | Analysis of nudibranchs observed in Hiroshima Bay | Saki Yoshida | Sanyo Jogakuen High School |
C000093 | DNA detection! Are there really saltwater fish in the Banda River? | Yukifumi Onishi | Osaka Gakuen Osaka High School |
C000118 | Research on gaps in Arimine summer green forests | Horio, Nobe | Toyama Daiichi High School |
C000122 | Tracing unfertilized egg cell death in the African clawed frog | Aya Fukagawa | Toyama Daiichi High School |
C000123 | Do red-bellied newts distinguish between red and blue? | Yuki Ogura | Toyama Daiichi High School |
C000127 | Health Checkup of Mt. Fuji Harimomi Forest | Manami Gomi | Yamanashi Eiwa High School |
C000129 | Changes in the body when medaka are exposed to rock music | Kazuha Nakamura | Nara Women's University Secondary School |
C000130 | Research on Bacillus natto | Daiki Manabe | Meisei Senior High School |
C000132 | Study of airborne disinfection effect of tree-based essential oils by diffusion method | Nao Hashimoto | Kobe University Secondary School |
C000133 | The Wonder of Planaria IV | Natsuki Horie | Tezukayama Junior High School |
C000136 | Heat shock inhibits browning of bananas and apples | Sae Kuroshima | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000150 | Relationship between blade sharpness and frictional heat | Terunari Yagen | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000162 | Development of a Fluorescence-Induced Determination Method for Terephthalic Acid | Kanji Harada | Okayama Ichinomiya High School |
C000165 | The relationship between caffeine and plants | Masaaki Suto | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000172 | Survey on Parasites on Coastal Organisms in Imabari City | Kinuka Motomiya | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000174 | Making ink using commercially available liquid glue | Dashing Dai Ono | Hakuryo Junior High School |
C000183 | Dielectric Barrier Discharge Pattern Changes in Atmospheric Pressure and Atmospheric Atmosphere | Saya Fujita | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi High School |
C000187 | What plants will grow in water-saving soil? | Moe Nishida | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000189 | What are the conditions of rice paddies where horseshoe shrimps can live? | Tsubasa Matsunaga | Okayama Prefectural Tamano High School |
C000190 | Lightweight model rocket made of paper clay and natural resin | Kanami Morishita | Okayama Prefectural Tamano High School |
C000231 | Creation of planarian teratoid eye individuals by teratogenicity of alcohol. | Rei-Wan Shimizu | Waseda University Advanced Institute of Technology |
C000250 | Termites will save Japan⁉~Termite Thinning as a New Resource | Tomoyuki Yokogawa | Seifu Gakuen |
C000251 | Ecological distribution survey of Wakakehonose parakeets using SNS. | Takuma Ishizuka | Waseda University Advanced Institute of Technology |
C000267 | Study on changes in sugar content and acidity of citrus fruits due to heating | Tadaka Okutani | Hiroshima Prefectural Saijo Agricultural High School |
C000291 | Water Purification by Chillophilic Bacteria ~Water Purification by Cryophilic Bacteria | Yoshiko Sato | Wakayama Shinai High School |
C000295 | The Surprising Factors of the Dove Guy | Ryota Iwasa | Seifu High School |
C000299 | Study on the content of active ingredients in citrus peels | Shogo Yamane | Hiroshima Prefectural Saijo Agricultural High School |
C000301 | Investigation of the growth environment of lichens symbiotic with cyanobacteria | Kazuki Okada | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000339 | Investigate the whereabouts of ayu in the sea and river | Miya Hara | Hyogo Prefectural Kozumi High School |
C000342 | Activity Rhythms in Light and Dark in the Japanese giant salamander, Ambystoma japonicum | Mana Sugimoto | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Girls' Senior High School |
C000348 | Shoot clean, blur-free video with can sats | Susumu Yoshida | Wakayama Shinai High School |
C000370 | Cloning of red-bellied newts | Minami Nakane | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Girls' Senior High School |
C000372 | Creating a village of sassafras Explore causes of contamination |
Nanaka Nakamura | Konan High School |
C000374 | Conservation of Smokigahama pine forest in Wakayama Prefecture by plant-derived components | Yusuke Kishida | Wakayama National College of Technology |
C000375 | Asahikawa is made into a river where natural eels are so good that it's dangerous to eat them! | Ryota Ohira | Okayama University of Science High School |
C000378 | Quantification of color vision illusions | Maori Takemura | Ritsumeikan Senior High School |
C000389 | Zebrafish learning~which is more effective, the candy or the whip? | Toru Nagashima | Takatsuki High School |
C000399 | Drainage by the shape of the holes in the waste receptacle | Yagi, Ozora | Okayama Ichinomiya High School |
Poster Presentation
The order in which they are listed is not the order in which they are announced.
receipt number | Title. | Principal Investigator | Institution |
C000005 | Confront the Grapevine Warring States Period | Naohiro Karasutani | Osaka Prefectural Agricultural High School |
C000037 | Plants grow when music is played⁈ | Ayaka Takao | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Junior High School |
C000042 | Kinetic analysis in blue flask experiments | Yumi Yamazaki | Sakuragaoka High School |
C000046 | Relationship between air discharge and air resistance | Masae Iwasaki | Hatsushiba Tondabayashi High School |
C00004 | Think about the creatures that evolved to the sky. | Mizuki Hayashi | Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Junior High School |
C000049 | Living environment of Acheilognathus as seen from geological strata | Soto Nakamura | Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Junior High School |
C000051 | The Ecology of Lake Biwa Ayu Trapped in a Small Lake | konghou (ancient Chinese harp) | Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Junior High School |
C000057BLOCK | The Secret of the Five-Story Pagoda's Resistance to Earthquakes | Keita Sueyoshi | Hatsushiba Gakuen Elementary School |
C000063 | Proposals on how to promote cashless payment in Japan | Yuka Takamori | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000070 | Can cheek and lip training improve English pronunciation? | Ayuka Kamata | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000071 | Research for Simple Hydroponic Cultivation of Himeji Wakana (Brassica campestris var. | Tomoya Honda | Toyo University Himeji Junior and Senior High School |
C000072 | Mystery of Daphnia magna proliferation | Hiroyuki Ishibashi | Kawachinagano Municipal Nagano Junior High School |
C000073 | Functional evaluation of Himeji Wakana using antioxidant activity | Hiroshi Murase | Toyo University Himeji Junior and Senior High School |
C000074 | Investigation of the history of Himeji Wakana based on morphological characteristics | Takuto Hagiwara | Toyo University Himeji Junior and Senior High School |
C000078 | Sunflower Seed Sequence from the Fibonacci Sequence | Shiorina Sakaguchi | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Junior High School |
C000081 | Relationship between the speed of folding pasta and the number of pieces - pasta flying in the air. | Azumi Isoyama | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi High School |
C000082 | Can milk be used to make easy-to-use plastic household items? | Takae Sugihara | Notre Dame Jogakuin Junior High School |
C000083 | Bioplastic made from potato peels | Mikie Konishi | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Junior High School |
C000084 | Does the tussock really learn? | Nayu Akagi | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Junior High School |
C000085 | How to memorize efficiently. | Akari Yasuda | Notre Dame Seishin Gakuen Seishin Junior High School |
C000089 | Relationship between the amount of VC added and the persistence of the antibacterial action of catechins | Masateru Komatani | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000095 | Creation of a robot to clean stair treads | Yuya Sato | Okayama Ichinomiya High School |
C000103 | Antioxidant capacity of cooked rosemary against vegetable oils | Naofumi Yamada | Seishin Girls' High School |
C000105 | Is NaCl the cause of the stench - elevator sweat and tears | Aoi Hamamoto | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000108 | Search for suitable powder for fingerprinting by powder method | Chikako Kida | Eigo Katsuura |
C000109 | The path to conquering tomato juice from viscosity and aroma | Rizuki Oura | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000114 | Effect of Fluorine on Hydroxyapatite | Tadato Yamamoto | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000134 | Increase tomatoes' shelf life and yield by using antioxidants | Wakana Kano | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000138 | Effects of light color on plants | Ryota Hosogai | Sakuragaoka Junior High School |
C000145 | Distribution of organisms and wave strength in the inner bay and open sea of Shirahama Town | Ayano Nakai | Osaka Municipal Pan-Ai High School |
C000146 | Building a Local Recycling-Oriented Society through the Conservation of Nippon Baratanago | Keiki Takagaki | Seifu High School |
C000147 | Relationship between the type of sugar and lactobacillus proliferation | Imafuku, Momoe | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000148 | The relationship between river flooding and COD as read from the Kako River | Daisho Kobayashi | Hakuryo Private High School |
C000149 | Measuring the stress received by the fruit | Naofumi Yamada | Seishin Girls' High School |
C000152 | Inhibition of acid spoilage of nut oils and fats by beverages | Naofumi Yamada | Seishin Girls' High School |
C000160 | Terminal velocity of an object falling through water | Sakino Yasuda | Okayama Prefectural Kurashiki Amagi Junior High School |
C000167 | How do Mokusugani migrate up the Ceiling River? | Wakana Asahara | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000173 | Research on salt sleep in the onychophorid beetle | Natsumi Kawai | Ehime Prefectural Imabari-Nishi High School |
C000196 | Power generation from waste heat! Stirling Engine! | Airi Otoguro | Yamanashi Eiwa Private High School |
C000206 | Survey of Microplastics in Wakayama Prefecture | Kengo Kishida | Wakayama Koyo Junior High School |
C000249 | Biological Survey of Osaka Bay | Haruki Shoji | Osaka Chikko Municipal Junior High School |
C000256 | Studies on the olfactory perception of centipedes | Nonoka Matsuo | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000279 | Anemone behavior by sound | Onno Ogawa | Senri International High School of Kwansei Gakuin |
C000281 | Water Purification with Bacillus natto | Yoshino Inai | Kyoto Koka High School |
C000288 | parsley spray challenge | Kotone Tsuji | Kyoto Koka High School |
C000290 | Variation of signal response time under various conditions | Sato, Torataro | Ritsumeikan Senior High School |
C000294 | Stress-Free Eating for Kidney Disease Patients | Miyu Iida | Kyoto Koka High School |
C000300 | Mechanisms and Practicality of Food-induced Cancer Prevention | Suzuka Kisanuki | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000307 | Cultivation experiment of "Yumechikara" using plastic cups | Airika Hikita | Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Commercial High School |
C000313 | Actual condition of microplastic contamination on the coast of Ehime Prefecture | Keiki Yamaguchi | Ehime Prefectural Toon High School |
C000318 | Pursuing the hidden charm of natural yeast | Yao Teraishi | Jyoshogakuen High School |
C000326 | Introduction of ion-exchange groups in cellulose and its application | Tomoharu Kiuchi | Okayama Ichinomiya High School |
C000328 | On the length of cicada shells | Gentaro Kono | Osaka Prefectural Kaizuka Minami High School |
C000343 | Otamaboya increases the amount of biomass in the ocean | Isegami Sakura | Suma Gakuen High School School |
C000364 | Do Squid Have Fluorescent Bacteria? From discovery to culture of fluorescent bacteria | Kairyu Ohno | Osaka Meisei Gakuen Meisei Junior High School Meisei High School |
C000382 | Assessing the impact of plastic litter on sea turtles | Yoshihide Funaki | Kyoto Municipal Horikawa High School |
C000395 | Mysterious Probability Laws Lurking in Games with Dice | Satoshi Murakami | Kwansei Gakuin Senior High School |
C000407 | Distribution and Ecology of the "Phantom Shellfish" Wakaura moray eel | Shunsuke Saeki | Kaichi Junior and Senior High School |
C000412 | Culture and luminescence conditions of luminescent bacteria on Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus | Shotaro Tsukimoto | Waseda University Advanced Institute of Technology |
C000415 | Usefulness of Entomophagy in Modern Society | Butaro Iwana | Takatsuki Private High School |
Jo Inoue, President of the Jury
Representative Director, Vice President CTO, Liverness, Inc.
D., Pharmacist, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences. He is a founding member of LIVERNESS. After completing his doctoral studies, he worked as an assistant professor and lecturer at the Faculty of Science, Kitasato University, and an assistant professor at the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, before being appointed and concurrently serving as a specially-appointed associate professor at the Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University in 2015, and as a professor of advanced pharmacy at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University and a visiting professor at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University in 2018. While conducting research and development, he is a researcher involved in launching joint research projects with universities and research institutions and supporting the establishment of research institutes.
Kubo, Oozora
Leader, Analytical Technology Group, Quality Design Center, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co.
After graduating from Chiryo Gakuen Wakayama High School, he entered the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Osaka University. After entering the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the same university, he worked as a Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and received his Ph. After studying at The Scripps Research Institute in Florida, USA for 2 years, he joined Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Engaged in basic research on skin care and hair care, and assumed his current position in 2019. His specialty is synthetic organic chemistry.
Mami Matsukawa
Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
After completing the first half of his doctorate in electrical engineering at Doshisha University, he worked as a researcher at the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and at the Osaka National Institute of Technology before joining the faculty at Doshisha University. D. in Engineering. Currently, he is a professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University. Specializes in electrical and electronic measurement and ultrasonic electronics.
Ken Nagasaki
Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City University
D., Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University After working as an assistant at the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, and as a lecturer and assistant professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City University, he has been a professor since 2007 and has been the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering since 2018. Engaged in research on functional materials (medical materials and drug delivery systems) that contribute to advanced medicine.
Koichi Yamakawa
Representative Director, Light Touch Technology, Inc.
D. in Engineering from Osaka University. D. in Engineering. After working as a Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, he joined the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (now the Japan Atomic Energy Agency) in 1994. Currently, he is a leader of the Laser Medical Application Research Group of the National Institute of Quantum Science and Technology. Since joining the institute, he has been engaged in the development of advanced lasers and their application research. In July 2017, he founded Light Touch Technology Inc. to challenge the practical application of non-invasive, real-time blood glucose level sensors in order to eliminate the pain caused by blood sampling for over 400 million diabetes patients worldwide.